The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2009;91:53-57.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.I.00166
© 2009 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Nerve Pathology in Unregulated Limb Growth

Mario I. Romero-Ortega, PhD1 and Marybeth Ezaki, MD2

1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 701 South Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019
2 Department of Hand Surgery, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, TX 75219. E-mail address: Marybeth.ezaki@tsrh.org

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
Limb overgrowth is a rare pathological condition that may affect either all tissues equally or some tissues selectively and may be associated with other systemic conditions, such as tumorigenesis. While much progress has been made in recent years regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in limb development and, in particular, the formation of new bone, the precise cause of limb overgrowth remains largely unknown. Recent emerging evidence in the converging fields of nerve-tumor biology and limb regeneration has provided evidence that the vascular and peripheral nervous systems might be critically involved in regulating limb size. In this paper, we review the evidence supporting the notion that peripheral nerve abnormalities might cause limb and/or digit overgrowth.


   The Molecular Basis of Bone Formation
 
During embryonic development, mesenchymal progenitor cells form a cartilaginous template that subsequently undergoes ossification to form new bone1,2. Several signaling molecules involved in normal growth plate chondrocyte differentiation have recently been identified3. Growth factors . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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