The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2009;91:40-46.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.I.00281
© 2009 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Arthrogryposis: A Review and Update

Michael Bamshad, MD1, Ann E. Van Heest, MD2 and David Pleasure, MD3

1 Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, HSC RR349, M/S Box 356320, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail address: mbamshad@u.washington.edu
2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Suite R200, Minneapolis, MN 55454
3 Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, c/o Shriners Hospital, 2425 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
Congenital contractures can be divided into two groups: isolated contractures and multiple contractures (Fig. 1). Isolated congenital contractures affect only a single area of the body; the most common isolated contracture is congenital clubfoot, which occurs in one of every 500 live births1.


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  		Fig. 1 Types of congenital contractures.

 
The term arthrogryposis is often used as shorthand to describe multiple congenital contractures that affect two or more different areas of the body. Arthrogryposis is not a specific diagnosis, but rather a clinical finding, and it is a characteristic of more than 300 different disorders2,3. The overall prevalence of arthrogryposis is one in 3000 live births4. The inheritance, natural history, treatment guidelines, and outcomes of arthrogryposis vary among disorders, underscoring the importance of making a specific diagnosis in each child1,5-10. The purpose of this article is to present the current state of knowledge about the classification, etiology, . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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