The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2007;89:70-75.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.00396
© 2007 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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The Current State of Cervical and Lumbar Spinal Disc Arthroplasty

R. Douglas Orr, MD, Paul D. Postak, BSc, Mircea Rosca, BSME and A. Seth Greenwald, DPhil(Oxon)

Corresponding author:
A. Seth Greenwald, DPhil(Oxon)
Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Lutheran Hospital, a Cleveland Clinic Hospital, 1730 West 25th Street, Cleveland, OH 44113.
E-mail address: seth@orl-inc.com

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
The growth of spinal implant and orthobiologic technologies over the last several years has been increasing in tempo1 (Fig. 1) and is fast approaching the size of total hip and knee arthroplasty in annual dollar sales in the United States. During this time, a number of start-up and established medical device manufacturers have focused increasing resources on solutions for spinal problems. The role of the orthopaedic and neurosurgeon in these enterprises as inventor, owner, and user has contributed to this march of progress. This paper describes a small (<1%) but increasingly visible aspect of these advancing technologies, that is, artificial disc replacement.


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  		Fig. 1 Spinal device sales in the United States. BMP = bone morphogenetic protein. (Reprinted, with permission, from: 2006 spinal industry update. Orthopedic Network News. 2006;17:8.)

 

   The Problems They Solve
 
The etiology of mechanical back and neck pain is not well understood and is among the more difficult problems encountered by the . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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