The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2007;89:152-161.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.00581
© 2007 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Effects of Electrical Physical Stimuli on Articular Cartilage

L. Massari, MD, F. Benazzo, MD, M. De Mattei, PhD, S. Setti, MSc and M. Fini, MD

Corresponding author:
S. Setti, MSc
Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Via Parmenide 10/A, Igea, Carpi (Mo) 41012, Italy.
E-mail address: s.setti@igeamedical.com

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
Articular cartilage is a hypocellular, avascular, alymphatic tissue with a dense collagen and proteoglycan matrix that provides a low-friction and highly durable wear-resistant surface1 to both shear and compressive stress.

Normal maintenance of articular cartilage results from the balance between anabolic and catabolic activity. Resident chondrocytes control the extracellular matrix turnover—collagen and proteoglycans synthesis and degradation—from the tidemark to the tangential zone of the cartilage. However, little is known about the physiological processes regulating cellular turnover and cartilage homeostasis, mainly because of the large number of factors involved (mechanical load, cell density, matrix composition, growth factors, cytokines, injury, and aging) and the complexity of their interactions.

Insufficient knowledge of the physiology and homeostasis of articular cartilage greatly impairs the ability to stop or slow disease progression. It is commonly accepted that articular cartilage is a tissue with little or no regenerative potential and thus undergoes degradation over time.

The notion . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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