The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2007;89:108-122.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00270
© 2007 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome and Exotic Scoliosis

Robert M. Campbell, Jr., MD and Melvin D. Smith, MD

Corresponding author:
Robert M. Campbell Jr., MD
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7774, San Antonio, TX 78229.
E-mail addresses: rcampbell.thoracic.institute@christushealth.org, campbellr@uthscsa.edu

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Standard Scoliosis Versus Exotic Scoliosis
 
Most spinal curves can be described as standard scoliosis and are due to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In patients with standard scoliosis, the thorax is usually spacious, having achieved most of its adult volume through growth, and has near normal vital capacity. Standard scoliosis is characterized on an anteroposterior radiograph by the level and degree of the curve and is treated by bracing or definitive spinal fusion to effect a decrease in the Cobb angle. Treatment has a negligible effect on thoracic growth or long-term pulmonary outcome.

Exotic scoliosis describes an early-onset spinal deformity that is more complex in nature, often associated with a thorax that has been distorted by spinal lordosis and curve rotation, thus having a volume-depletion deformity as well as thoracic growth inhibition with indirect adverse effects on lung growth (Fig. 1). Exotic means "foreign," "outlandish," or "alien," and the curves of exotic scoliosis are easily . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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