The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2007;89:1360-1378.
© 2007 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Instructional Course Lecture

Degenerative Cervical Spondylosis: Clinical Syndromes, Pathogenesis, and Management

Raj D. Rao, MD1, Bradford L. Currier, MD2, Todd J. Albert, MD3, Christopher M. Bono, MD4, Satyajit V. Marawar, MD1, Kornelis A. Poelstra, MD, PhD5 and Jason C. Eck, DO, MS6

1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226
2 Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905
3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 925 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107
4 Department of Orthopaedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
5 University of Maryland-Shock Trauma, 22 South Green Street, Suite 11B, Baltimore, MD 21201
6 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Memorial Hospital, 325 Belmont Street, P.O. Box 15118, York, PA 17405

An Instructional Course Lecture, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
Spondylosis refers to age-related degenerative changes within the spinal column. Radiographic evidence of cervical spondylosis is frequent in asymptomatic adults1,2. Approximately 25% of individuals younger than forty years of age, 50% of individuals over forty years of age, and 85% of individuals over sixty years of age have some degree of disc degeneration2,3. Occupations that place increased loads on the head predispose individuals to the development of cervical spondylosis. Activities such as rugby, soccer, and horseback riding and occupations such as flying fighter jets may also predispose individuals to the development of cervical spondylosis4-8.

Symptoms caused by cervical spondylosis can be categorized broadly into three clinical syndromes: axial neck pain, cervical radiculopathy, and cervical myelopathy. Patients can have a combination of these syndromes. Axial posterior neck pain occasionally radiates to the shoulder or periscapular region in a non-dermatomal distribution. Axial neck pain is more . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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