The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2006;88:2-10.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00616
© 2006 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Anatomic, Radiographic, Biomechanical, and Kinematic Evaluation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Its Two Functional Bundles

Anikar Chhabra, MD, James S. Starman, BS, Mario Ferretti, MD, Armando F. Vidal, MD, Thore Zantop, MD and Freddie H. Fu, MD, DSc(Hon), DPs(Hon)

Corresponding author:
Freddie H. Fu, MD, DSc(Hon), DPs(Hon)
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, 3471 5th Avenue, Suite 1011, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. E-mail address:
ffu@upmc.edu

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
Outcomes following single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are generally good. However, a critical review of the literature shows that some patients have residual instability and pain following single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction1-4. Recent clinical investigations have demonstrated that anteroposterior knee laxity, as measured with the KT-1000 and the Lachman test, is not associated with functional outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction5. Conversely, there is a significant association between the pivot-shift test and functional outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (p = 0.03), which emphasizes the importance of rotational knee stability for functional recovery5. Biomechanical and kinematic studies have suggested that a more anatomical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament may provide improved long-term outcomes. In this article, we describe the anatomy, radiographic characteristics, injury patterns, biomechanics, and kinematics of the anterior cruciate ligament. We also summarize the surgical technique and augmentation procedures used in an anatomic two-bundle . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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