The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2005;87:28-41.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.00516
© 2005 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Surgical Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus in Young Active Patients

Sandro Giannini, MD, Roberto Buda, MD, Cesare Faldini, MD, Francesca Vannini, MD, Roberto Bevoni, MD, Gianluca Grandi, MD, Brunella Grigolo, PHD and Lisa Berti, MD

Corresponding author:
Cesare Faldini, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Bologna, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy. E-mail address: cesare.faldini@ior.it

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   Introduction
 
Cartilage is a smooth, highly specialized tissue that coats the surface of the joint. Although it is only a few millimeters thick, it has exceptional stiffness to compression and resilience and is able to distribute loads1. It is susceptible to injury and is limited in regenerative capability2. The biological function of cartilage is to permit articular movement while minimizing surface friction, to absorb loads in the weight-bearing joints, and to reduce the stress on the subchondral bone.


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  		Figs. 1-A and 1-B Histological appearance of hyaline cartilage. Fig. 1-A After staining with safranin O (x30). Fig. 1-B After staining with alcian blue (x100).

 
Hyaline (articular) cartilage consists of 70% water; 15% collagens (primarily type II); and 15% proteoglycans (in particular, aggrecan), noncollagen proteins, lipids, and inorganic material. Chondrocytes, the only cell type in this tissue, sit within the matrix of proteoglycans and collagen, which give the cartilage its . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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