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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2004;86:72-83
© 2004 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

What's New in Surgical Options for Hallux Rigidus?

Sandro Giannini, MD, Francesco Ceccarelli, MD, Cesare Faldini, MD, Roberto Bevoni, MD, Gianluca Grandi, MD and Francesca Vannini, MD

Corresponding author:
Sandro Giannini, MD
Orthopaedic Department, University of Bologna, Instituto Ortopedico
Rizzoli, Via G. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy. E-mail address:
giannini@ior.it

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
The term hallux rigidus is used to describe a condition characterized by pain and a reduction in the range of motion, especially dorsiflexion, at the first metatarsophalangeal joint1-3. According to the etiology, hallux rigidus can be classified as primary (hallux limitus) or secondary (Table I)1,2,4-8.


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  		TABLE I Etiology of Secondary Hallux Rigidus

 

Functional Consequences
With normal locomotion, the amount of hallux dorsiflexion during propulsion must approximate 65° to 75°9. With hallux rigidus, dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is restricted9. As a consequence, during the propulsive phase of gait, functional limitation and pain lead to an internal rotation of the forefoot, reducing push-off and creating transfer metatarsalgia (Fig. 1)9,10.


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  		Fig. 1 During the propulsive phase of gait, the hallux is unable to dorsiflex adequately. As a consequence, the foot internally rotates, reducing push-off and causing transfer metatarsalgia of the lesser metatarsals.

 

Indications for Surgery
The indication for surgery is pain . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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W. Chao and M. S. Mizel
What's New in Foot and Ankle Surgery
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., April 1, 2006; 88(4): 909 - 922.
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