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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2004;86:41-55
© 2004 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Use of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins for Musculoskeletal Applications

An Overview

Michael A. Mont, MD, Phillip S. Ragland, MD, Bridget Biggins, BA, Gary Friedlaender, MD, Tushar Patel, MD, Stephen Cook, MD, Gracia Etienne, MD, PhD, Andrew Shimmin, MD, Robyn Kildey, BS, David C. Rueger, PhD and Thomas A. Einhorn, MD

Corresponding author:
Michael A. Mont, MD
Center for Joint Preservation and Reconstruction, Rubin Institute for
Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere
Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215. E-mail address: rhondamont@aol.com

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
Since Marshall Urist's original description, in 1965, of the potential of demineralized bone matrix to induce bone formation, the medical community has anticipated the development of osteogenic therapies1. Following this discovery, researchers sought to identify and isolate these growth factors, specifically bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Reddi and Huggins first characterized these important molecules involved in bone formation in 1973, and, in 1982, Sampath and Reddi developed a rat subcutaneous assay for BMP activity that measures bone formation2. They found that BMPs initiate the bone-healing cascade through the recruitment of and interactions with mesenchymal stem cells found in surrounding tissues, including fascial planes, periosteum, peripheral blood, bone marrow, and cancellous bone. Several, but not all, of the fifteen human BMPs described to date have been found to bind to stem-cell receptors, triggering proliferation and differentiation, and to result in bone regeneration and repair.

Once various BMPs were successfully isolated, . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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