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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 85:97-104 (2003)
© 2003 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Three-Dimensional Morphology and Kinematics of the Distal Part of the Femur Viewed in Virtual Reality

Part II

Donald G. Eckhoff, MD, MS, Joel M. Bach, PHD, Victor M. Spitzer, PHD, Karl D. Reinig, PHD, Michelle M. Bagur, BS, Todd H. Baldini, MS, David Rubinstein, MD and Stephen Humphries, MS

Corresponding author:
Donald G. Eckhoff, MD, MS
Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado Health Science
Center, P.O. Box 6510, Mail Stop F722, 1635 Ursula Street, Aurora, CO
80045-0510. E-mail address: donald.eckhoff@uchsc.edu

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The purpose of this exhibit is to demonstrate, with conventional and virtual images, the three-dimensional shape of the naturally asymmetric distal part of the femur, illustrating the cylindrical axis of the femoral condyles relative to the conventional (mechanical, anatomic, and epicondylar) axes of the lower limb and knee. The relationships between morphologically and experimentally determined rotation axes are illustrated. This study provides kinematic and morphologic validation for a single cylindrical flexion-extension axis of the knee. The clinical implications of a single flexion axis of the knee for alignment and soft-tissue balance in total knee arthroplasty, as well as the position and tension of a graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, are demonstrated with the aid of illustrations from the Visible Human Project at the National Library of Medicine as well as images from the University of Colorado Center for Human Simulation.

The morphologic shape of the distal part of the . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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