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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 85:45-57 (2003)
© 2003 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Scientific Article

Histological Assessment of Cartilage Repair

A Report by the Histology Endpoint Committee of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS)

Pierre Mainil-Varlet, MD, PhD, Thomas Aigner, MD, Mats Brittberg, MD, PhD, Peter Bullough, MD, Anthony Hollander, PhD, Ernst Hunziker, MD, Rita Kandel, PhD, Stefan Nehrer, MD, Kenneth Pritzker, MD, Sally Roberts, PhD and Edouard Stauffer, MD

Corresponding author: Pierre Mainil-Varlet, MD, PhD
Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH- 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail address: pierre.mainil@pathology.unibe.ch

In support of their research or preparation of this manuscript, one or more of the authors received grants or outside funding from ICRS/SNF (4046-58623). None of the authors received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors are affiliated or associated.

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
Physical injury frequently causes tissue damage, including laceration. Repair of the damage usually results in the formation of a scar; complete anatomic healing and true regeneration are rare.

Connective tissues tend to heal naturally and successfully only if the injury is minor. If the damage is more severe, then a good functional result can be achieved only if Nature is assisted by surgical intervention. The efficacy of such measures has been established in the cases of bone and tendon injuries but not in the case of cartilage damage 1 . In the latter situation, we are still prejudiced by Hippocrates' opinion that "ulcerated cartilage is universally allowed to be a troublesome disease." 2 In addition, our view is necessarily colored by the scarcity of successful therapeutic modalities 3 .

Articular cartilage is a narrow layer of specialized connective tissue that permits smooth, frictionless movement of diarthrodial joints. It is comprised of a relatively . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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