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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 85:133-136 (2003)
© 2003 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Scientific Article

The Role of Activating Transcription Factor-2 in Skeletal Growth Control

Phyllis Luvalle, PhD, Qin Ma, DDS, PhD and Frank Beier, PhD

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
The growth plate is a dynamic area of cells that directs longitudinal bone growth and endochondral ossification by virtue of the progression of chondrocytes through the proliferation, maturation, and hypertrophic stages of cell differentiation. The initiation of growth-plate chondrocyte proliferation is stimulated by growth-hormone-induced IGF-1 1 , followed by rapid clonal proliferation in response to a variety of growth factors. The chondrocytes exit the cell cycle after multiple cycles of proliferation to form a maturation, or prehypertrophic, zone. Here, chondrocytes sustain substantial increases in cell volume and, coincident with type-X collagen expression, mature to become hypertrophic chondrocytes. Mineralization of the cartilage matrix as well as vascular invasion, which introduces marrow and osteoblast precursors, occurs within the lowermost hypertrophic zone. Osteoblasts secrete bone matrix as well as proteases that break down the cartilage matrix. The hypertrophic chondrocytes undergo apoptosis, leaving behind osseous trabeculae that contribute to the microenvironment of the marrow. Both . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]