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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 84:277-288 (2002)
© 2002 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Current Concepts Review

Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Upper and Lower Cervical Spine in Children

James T. Guille, MD and Henry H. Sherk, MD

Investigation performed at the Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, and MCP Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

James T. Guille, MD
Department of Orthopaedics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, P.O. Box 269, Wilmington, DE 19899

Henry H. Sherk, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Pennsylvania Hospital, 3300 Henry Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19129

The authors did not receive grants or outside funding in support of their research or preparation of this manuscript. They did not receive payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors are affiliated or associated.


   Introduction
 
Mutations of homeobox genes may be responsible for congenital osseous anomalies of the cervical spine.

Congenital osseous anomalies of the cervical spine may herald congenital malformations of other organ systems, such as those of the kidney and heart.

Most congenital anomalies of the cervical spine are innocuous and may go undetected throughout life.

Translational instability of adjacent vertebral bodies in a congenitally stenotic cervical spinal canal has serious implications.

No existing prognostic classification system can predict which patients with a congenital osseous anomaly of the cervical spine are at risk for future neurologic injury.

Congenital osseous anomalies of the upper and lower cervical spine are rare, yet their detection and treatment are important, as these deformities often set the stage for cervical spine instability and potential neurologic injury. Many of these conditions are associated with various syndromes and are, in part, developmental conditions. The presence of a congenital osseous anomaly . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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