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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 83:S43-50 (2001)
© 2001 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Scientific Article

Three-Dimensional Morphology of the Distal Part of the Femur Viewed in Virtual Reality

Donald G. Eckhoff, MD, Thomas F. Dwyer, MD, Joel M. Bach, PhD, Victor M. Spitzer, PhD and Karl D. Reinig, PhD

Donald G. Eckhoff, MD
Thomas F. Dwyer, MD
Anschutz Outpatient Pavilion, Box 6510, Mail Stop F-722, Aurora, CO 80045-0510

Joel M. Bach, PhD
Victor M. Spitzer, PhD
Karl D. Reinig, PhD
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Box 6508, Mail Stop F-432 (J.M.B.) or F-435 (V.M.S. and K.D.R.), Aurora, CO 80045-0508

In support of their research or preparation of this manuscript, one or more of the authors received grants or outside funding from National Library of Medicine Contract N01-LM-0-3507. None of the authors received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors are affiliated or associated.

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
The morphologic shape of the distal part of the femur dictates the shape, orientation, and kinematics of prosthetic total knee replacement. Traditional prosthetic designs incorporate symmetric femoral condyles with a centered trochlear groove. Traditional surgical techniques center the femoral component to the distal part of the femur and position it relative to various bone landmarks. However, failure patterns documented in retrieval studies1,2, case series3, and kinematic studies demonstrate how traditional designs and surgical techniques reflect a poor understanding of distal femoral morphology and knee kinematics.

It has been shown that the flexion/extension axis of the knee is fixed within the femur and that the articular surfaces of the condyles are circular in profile4,5. Ligament length patterns are significantly altered by abnormal axial alignment when a hinged knee brace is used6. It is expected that a malaligned femoral component would have the same effect in total knee . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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