The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 83:S63-S69 (2001)
© 2001 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
The Effect of BMP on the Expression of Cytoskeletal Proteins and Its Potential Relevance
Ruth L. Vinall, PhD and
A. Hari Reddi, PhD
From Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California
Davis, Sacramento, California
Ruth L. Vinall, PhD
A. Hari Reddi, PhD
Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Research Building I,
Room 2000, 4635 Second Avenue, School of Medicine, University of
California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817. E-mail address for R.L.
Vinall: ruth.vinall@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
In support of their research or preparation of this manuscript,
one or more of the authors received grants or outside funding from
the Lawrence J. Ellison Chair. None of the authors received payments or
other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits
from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed,
or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation,
educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization
with which the authors are affiliated or associated.
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Introduction
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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) govern the development
of the basic form and pattern of the skeleton by way of specific
modulation of cells within defined regions of the embryo
1,2
. BMPs may affect skeletal development by influencing cell shape
or cytoskeletal organization, or both. It is well known that profound
changes in cell shape are associated with development of the skeleton.
The cartilage consists of extracellular matrix and component chondrocytes.
The chondrocytes interact with the extracellular matrix. The extracellular
signals, including growth factors, morphogens, and mechanical signals,
influence chondrocyte shape and function. Chondrocyte shape is determined
by the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is the endoskeleton of the
chondrocyte and other cells.
In chondrocytes, there is a strong relationship between cell
shape, cytoskeletal organization, and cell phenotype
3
. Like most vertebrate cells, chondrocytes express three main types
of cytoskeletal protein filaments: actin microfilaments, intermediate
filaments, and microtubules. These filaments form interacting networks
. . . [Full Text of this Article]
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