The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 83:S1-S6 (2001)
© 2001 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: From Basic Science to Clinical Applications
A. H. Reddi, PhD
A.H. Reddi, PhD
Research Building 1, Room 2000, Center for Tissue Regeneration and
Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis School
of Medicine, 4635 Second Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817. E-mail address:
ahreddi@ucdavis.edu
In support of the research or preparation of this manuscript,
the author received grants or outside funding from Lawrence Ellison
Endowed Chair. The author did not receive payments or other benefits
or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial
entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay
or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational
institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with
which the author is affiliated or associated.
The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in bone formation
during development and in fracture-healing is now well established.
In experimental animals, BMPs elicit bone formation in ectopic sites
and healing of critical-sized segmental bone defects. Many of the
studies on the capacity of BMPs to elicit the healing of segmental
bone defects have been carried out in orthopaedic research laboratories
and are familiar to orthopaedic surgeons.
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Introduction
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However, until recently little was known about the cellular and
molecular mechanisms by which BMPs elicit bone formation. In a series
of stunning studies over the last several years, molecular cell biologists
working intensively in several laboratories have elucidated some
of these mechanisms. When BMPs bind to their cell surface receptors
on mesenchymal cell, a BMP signaling cascade is activated. Signals
are sent via specific proteins to the cell nucleus. This results
in the expression of genes that lead to the synthesis of macromolecules involved
in cartilage and bone formation, and the mesenchymal cell becomes
a chondrocyte or an osteoblast.
The development of knowledge in this area of BMP signal transduction
during the last several years has been phenomenal and has provided
a substantial amount of new information that is clear-cut, specific,
and useful. Some of this new information may be of clinical relevance
because it suggests potential therapeutic approaches . . . [Full Text of this Article]
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