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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 82:1157 (2000)
© 2000 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Current Concepts Review

Etiology of Idiopathic Scoliosis: Current Trends in Research*

Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.{dagger}, Michael Edgar, M.Chir., F.R.C.S.{ddagger}, Joseph Y. Margulies, M.D., Ph.D.§, Nancy H. Miller, M.D.#, V. James Raso, M.A.Sc.**, Kent A. Reinker, M.D.{dagger}{dagger} and Charles-Hilaire Rivard, M.D.{ddagger}{ddagger}

*No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. No funds were received in support of this study.
{dagger}Woodridge Orthopaedic and Spine Center, 3550 Lutheran Parkway West, Suite 201, Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033.
{ddagger}Orthopaedic Department, Middlesex Hospital and University College London, 149 Harley Street, London W1N 2DE, United Kingdom.
§Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, New York 10467.
#Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Suite 5254, Baltimore, Maryland 21287.
**Orthopaedic Engineering Group, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, 1023 111th Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5G 0B7, Canada.
{dagger}{dagger}Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, 13 Punahou Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96826.
{ddagger}{ddagger}Centre de Recherche Pediatrique, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, 3175, Cote Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.


   Introduction
 
{triangleright}Current population studies characterize idiopathic scoliosis as a single-gene disorder that follows the patterns of mendelian genetics, including variable penetrance and heterogeneity.

{triangleright}The role of melatonin and calmodulin in the development of idiopathic scoliosis is likely secondary, with indirect effects on growth mechanisms.

{triangleright}Reported abnormalities of connective tissue, skeletal muscle, platelets, the spinal column, and the rib cage are all thought to be secondary to the deformity itself.

{triangleright}Although no consistent neurological abnormalities have been identified in patients with idiopathic scoliosis, it is possible that a defect in processing by the central nervous system affects the growing spine.

{triangleright}The true etiology of idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown; however, it appears to be multifactorial.

Idiopathic scoliosis is a pathological entity of unknown etiology. Although the entity was first described by Hippocrates, the term idiopathic scoliosis was probably introduced in the middle of the nineteenth century by Bauer39; it was used by . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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