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The Emerging Impact of the Information Age on Orthopaedic Surgery*

Development of a Virtual Reality Arthroscopic Knee Simulator

American Orthopaedic Association
*Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Association, Sun Valley, Idaho, June 7, 1999.
Address for R. Poss: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6110. E-mail address: rposs@partners.org.
Address for J. D. Mabrey: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7774. E-mail address: mabrey@uthscsa.edu.
Address for S. D. Gillogly: 3200 Downwood Circle, Suite 530, Seeabue, Georgia 30327.
Address for J. R. Kasser: Children's Hospital Medical Center, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. E-mail address: kasser@a1.tch.harvard.edu.
Address for H. J. Sweeney: 1144 Wilmette Avenue, Wilmette, Illinois 60091.
Address for B. Zarins: Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, Suite 514, Boston, Massachusetts 02114. E-mail address: bertram@mgh.harvard.edu.
Address for W. E. Garrett, Jr.: The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Burnett-Womack Building, Room 236, Campus Box 7055, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599. E-mail address: bill_garrett@med.unc.edu.
Address for W. D. Cannon: University of California at San Francisco Medical Center, Level 1, 500 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143. E-mail address: dcannon@ortho1.ucsf.edu.

	Introduction

 
For some years, orthopaedic educators have awaited the development of virtual reality technology in the hope that it might offer a suitable means of teaching and evaluating skills proficiency. Such a tool would greatly facilitate resident education while decreasing training time in the operating room and reducing the likelihood of adverse technical outcomes. For the practicing orthopaedic surgeon, it would provide a means of maintaining surgical skills and learning new techniques. While the promise of virtual reality technology has been great, in 1996 the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) evaluated its status and determined that it was too soon to commit the substantial resources necessary to successfully develop it as a training and evaluation tool.

The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) also has been interested in this technology as a means of evaluating the surgical skills of candidates for certification and recertification. In 1997, the Board funded the . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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