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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 80:1687-98 (1998)
© 1998 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Current Concepts Review

Current Concepts Review - Bone Densitometry in Orthopaedic Practice*

ERIC C. MIRSKY, M.D.{dagger} and THOMAS A. EINHORN, M.D.{ddagger}, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS

*No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. No funds were received in support of this study.


   Introduction
 
During the last twenty-five years, there has been increasing interest within the orthopaedic community in the noninvasive measurement of the bone-mineral content of various regions of the skeleton. This interest has been stimulated, in part, by the recognition and understanding that conventional radiographs are neither sensitive nor accurate for the diagnosis of early bone loss. It has been reported, for example, that a reduction in bone-calcium content must exceed 30 percent to be observed with certainty on conventional radiographs1. In addition, factors including radiographic technique and positioning of the patient lead to variability in radiodensity and affect the accuracy of conventional radiographs. Bone densitometry originally was developed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the so-called bone-loss syndromes, especially osteoporosis71. Current methods include radiographic absorptiometry, single-energy x-ray absorptiometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, and quantitative ultrasound. All of these modalities are relatively safe and allow good . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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