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Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Instability of the Shoulder: Complex Problems and Failed Repairs. Part I. Relevant Biomechanics, Multidirectional Instability, and Severe Loss of Glenoid and Humeral Bone*

EVAN L. FLATOW, M.D., NEW YORK, N.Y. and JON J. P. WARNER, M.D., PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA

An Instructional Course Lecture, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

	Introduction

 
Historically, much of the literature on glenohumeral instability has concerned recurrent locked anterior glenohumeral dislocation. As the standard objective of operative intervention was the elimination of such a dislocation, many operations yielded a high proportion of successful results. However, increased attention to the special needs of active, athletic individuals has led to a higher standard for the success of operative reconstruction: the maintenance of full motion and strength in addition to the restoration of stability. Modern repair procedures avoid overtightening and emphasize restoration of the integrity of the capsular-ligamentous-labral complex. Although there is controversy as to whether an operation for unidirectional anterior instability should include a capsulorrhaphy in addition to repair of a Bankart lesion, most investigators agree that no more than a minor capsular tightening, with no procedure on bone, is needed for this most common type of shoulder instability^60,75,88,100.

The situation is understandably more complex in the . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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