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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 79:612-32 (1997)
© 1997 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Instructional Course Lecture

Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Articular Cartilage. Part II: Degeneration and Osteoarthrosis, Repair, Regeneration, and Transplantation*{dagger}

J. A. BUCKWALTER, M.D.{ddagger}, IOWA CITY, IOWA and H. J. MANKIN, M.D.§, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS

An Instructional Course Lecture, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons


   Introduction
 
Joint pain and loss of mobility are among the most common causes of impairment in middle-aged and older people36,134. In many instances, the degeneration of articular cartilage and alterations in other joint tissues that result from the loss of structure and function of articular cartilage cause the pain and the loss of motion28,46,47,85,118,150. This occurs most frequently in the clinical syndrome of idiopathic or primary osteoarthrosis, but it may also result from joint injury or from developmental, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders that destroy the articular surface, causing secondary osteoarthrosis28,46,118. An understanding of the degeneration of articular cartilage, osteoarthrosis, and the potential for restoring an articular surface depends to a large extent on an appreciation of the biological behavior and the responsiveness of articular cartilage to injury and disease. Of considerable importance is the observation, first reported centuries ago and confirmed by multiple investigators over the last fifty . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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