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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 78:300-11 (1996)
© 1996 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Instructional Course Lecture

Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Congenital Spinal Deformity*{dagger}

ROBERT B. WINTER, M.D.{ddagger}, JOHN E. LONSTEIN, M.D.{ddagger}, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA and OHENEBA BOACHIE-ADJEI, M.D.§, NEW YORK, N.Y.

An Instructional Course Lecture, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons


   Introduction
 
Congenital spinal deformities, which are caused by congenitally anomalous vertebral development, usually are seen on conventional radiographs but may be detected on tomograms, on magnetic resonance images, or at the time of an operation. Although patients who have myelomeningocele have congenitally anomalous vertebrae, most of the spinal deformity in such patients is paralytic in nature; therefore, they will not be included in the present discussion.

The three major patterns of congenital spinal deformity are lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis. Although combinations such as lordoscoliosis and kyphoscoliosis are common, the natural history and methods of treatment of spinal deformity correspond to the three major subdivisions. It is important to distinguish between scoliosis with marked rotation (which should not be labeled kyphoscoliosis) and true kyphoscoliosis (in which rotation is not a major component of the deformity).


   Etiology
 
Congenital spinal anomalies are divided into two basic groups: defects of formation and defects of segmentation. A . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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