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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 78:1772-83 (1996)
© 1996 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Instructional Course Lecture

Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Fractures of the Ankle and the Distal Part of the Tibia*{dagger}

ROBERT VANDER GRIEND, M.D.{ddagger}, GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA, JAMES D. MICHELSON, M.D.§, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND and LARRY B. BONE, M.D.¶, BUFFALO, NEW YORK

An Instructional Course Lecture, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons


   Introduction
 


   Ankle Fractures
 
Ankle fractures are the most common types of fractures treated by orthopaedic surgeons7,44. There has been an increased prevalence of such fractures over the last two decades both in young, active patients and in the elderly7,44. There also seems to have been an increased prevalence of complex injuries of the ankle and foot as a result of the increased use of automobile safety devices, such as seat belts and air bags, which decrease mortality and protect the trunk but not necessarily the lower extremities.

As a result of a better understanding of the biomechanics of the ankle, improvements in fixation techniques, and findings of outcome studies, there has been a gradual evolution in the effective strategies for the treatment of ankle fractures. The goals of treatment continue to be both a healed fracture and an ankle that moves and functions normally without pain. The development of strategies for . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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