A CONSIDERATION OF THE CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL STIMULATTION OF BONE WITH REFERENCE TO THE EPIPHYSEAL AND DIAPHYSEAL LINES. RESULTS OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION

1. Blanchard,(11) states that normal bone ossifies slowly, and from these experiments it can be seen that stimulated bone ossifies rapidly.

2. Stimulation of bone may be produced by mechanical, chemical, or biochemical means.

3. Mechanical stimulation chiefly affects perichondral bone formation, whereas chemical stimulation affects the epiphyseal line directly, causing proliferation of cartilage cells and increased zones of provisional calcification and calcified matrix together with osteogenetic tissue chiefly derived from the perichondrium.

4. Mechanical stimulation is slow, whereas chemical stimulation is rapid and acts more universally, affecting the active bone-producing elements.

5. The combination of chemical and mechanical stimulation increases both the perichondral and endochondral bone formation.

6. Retardation of growth may occur if the zone of provisional calcification is destroyed or if this zone is infiltrated by excessive blood-clot or by destructive processes.

7. Of all the substances used formalin has produced the best results, on account of its antiseptic properties and its affinity for protoplasm.

8. Formalin injected upon the epiphyseal and diaphyseal lines acts as an insoluble compound and therefore affects the epiphvseal line both mechanically and chemically with a distinct local rather than systemic tendency. It causes the formation of osteogenetic tissue by influencing the zones of provisional calcification and calcified matrix, and by increasing the number of osteoblasts derived from the perichondrium.

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