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Long-Term Independent Evaluation After Arthroscopic Extra-Articular Bankart Repair with Absorbable Tacks

Surgical Technique

¹ City Physiotherapy, Strandgatan 2, SE-461 31 Trollhättan, Sweden
² Department of Orthopaedics, NÄL Hospital, SE-461 85 Trollhättan, Sweden. E-mail address: juri.kartus{at}vgregion.se
³ University Hospital, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria

Investigation performed at University Hospital, Salzburg, Austria

The original scientific article in which the surgical technique was presented was published in JBJS Vol. 89-A, pp. 1442-8, July 2007

DISCLOSURE: In support of their research for or preparation of this work, one or more of the authors received, in any one year, outside funding or grants of less than $10,000 from Northern Älvsborg County Council Research Fund. Neither they nor a member of their immediate families received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. A commercial entity (Smith and Nephew) paid or directed in any one year, or agreed to pay or direct, benefits of less than $10,000 to a research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which one or more of the authors, or a member of his or her immediate family, is affiliated or associated.

The line drawings in this article are the work of Joanne Haderer Müller of Haderer & Müller (biomedart{at}haderermuller.com).

METHODS: Eighty-one consecutive patients with posttraumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability underwent an extra-articular arthroscopic Bankart procedure. Seventy-one (88%) of the patients were reexamined physically after a median duration of follow-up of 107 months by two independent examiners and constituted the study group. Their clinical and radiographic outcomes were documented.

RESULTS: At the time of follow-up, twenty-seven (38%) of the seventy-one patients had experienced some kind of shoulder instability, although fifteen of them had had a new, clinically relevant shoulder injury. Eleven patients had had subluxation only, and sixteen had had redislocation. Fourteen of the twenty-seven patients had had a single episode of instability. Seven patients had undergone additional surgery to treat shoulder instability. The instability episodes occurred less than two years postoperatively in nine patients, between two and five years postoperatively in twelve, and more than five years postoperatively in six. At the time of final follow-up, the median external rotation in abduction was 90° (range, 0° to 120°) compared with 95° (range, 70° to 125°) for the contralateral, uninjured shoulders (p < 0.001). Before the injury, fifty-two patients (73%) participated in overhead or contact sports, whereas thirty-four patients (45%) participated in such activities at the time of follow-up. At the time of follow-up, the drill holes used to implant the absorbable tacks were invisible or hardly visible in fifty-eight (91%) of sixty-four patients for whom radiographs had been made. A marked increase in degenerative changes was noted when follow-up radiographs were compared with the preoperative radiographs.

CONCLUSIONS: This long-term follow-up study of arthroscopic extra-articular Bankart repairs revealed an unexpectedly high number of patients with new episodes of instability. This finding led to a slight modification of the technique. Since most instability episodes occurred after two years, it is important to follow patients for a longer period of time after surgical treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability to identify the true recurrence rate.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:"Long-Term Independent Evaluation After Arthroscopic Extra-Articular Bankart Repair with Absorbable Tacks. A Clinical and Radiographic Study with a Seven to Ten-Year Follow-up" (2007;89:1442-8).

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