The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2008;90:1413-1426.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.00656
© 2008 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Comparison of the Collagen Meniscus Implant with Partial Meniscectomy

A Prospective Randomized Trial

William G. Rodkey, DVM1, Kenneth E. DeHaven, MD2, William H. Montgomery, III, MD3, Champ L. Baker, Jr., MD4, Charles L. Beck, Jr., MD5, Scott E. Hormel, MD6, J. Richard Steadman, MD7, Brian J. Cole, MD8 and Karen K. Briggs, MPH9

1 Steadman Hawkins Research Foundation, 108 South Frontage Road West, Suite 303, Vail, CO 81657. E-mail address: cartilagedoc{at}hotmail.com
2 University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, #665, Rochester, NY 14642
3 San Francisco Orthopaedic Surgeons Medical Group, 1 Shrader Street, Suite 650, San Francisco, CA 94117
4 Hughston Orthopaedic Clinic, P.O. Box 9517, 6262 Veterans Parkway (31909), Columbus, GA 31908
5 Center of Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Excellence, 3584 West 9000 South, Suite 405, West Jordan, UT 84088
6 Orthopaedic Physician Associates, 1600 East Jefferson Street, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98122
7 Steadman Hawkins Clinic, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO 81657
8 Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Avenue, Suite 1063, Chicago, IL 60612
9 Steadman Hawkins Research Foundation, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657

Investigation performed at the Steadman Hawkins Research Foundation, Vail, Colorado

Disclosure: In support of their research for or preparation of this work, one or more of the authors received, in any one year, outside funding or grants in excess of $10,000 from ReGen Biologics. In addition, one or more of the authors or a member of his or her immediate family received, in any one year, payments or other benefits in excess of $10,000 or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity (ReGen Biologics). Also, a commercial entity (ReGen Biologics) paid or directed in any one year, or agreed to pay or direct, benefits in excess of $10,000 to a research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which one or more of the authors, or a member of his or her immediate family, is affiliated or associated.

A video supplement related to the subject of this article has been developed by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and JBJS and is available for viewing in the video library of the JBJS website, www.jbjs.org. To obtain a copy of the video, contact the AAOS at 800-626-6726 or go to their website, www.aaos.org, and click on Educational Resources Catalog.

A commentary is available with the electronic versions of this article, on our web site (www.jbjs.org) and on our quarterly CD-ROM (call our subscription department, at 781-449-9780, to order the CD-ROM).

Background: Loss of meniscal tissue leads to increased pain and decreased clinical function and activity levels. We hypothesized that patients receiving a collagen meniscus implant would have better clinical outcomes than patients treated with partial medial meniscectomy alone.

Methods: Three hundred and eleven patients with an irreparable injury of the medial meniscus or a previous partial medial meniscectomy, treated by a total of twenty-six surgeon-investigators at sixteen sites, were enrolled in the study. There were two study arms, one consisting of 157 patients who had had no prior surgery on the involved meniscus (the "acute" arm of the study) and one consisting of 154 patients who had had one, two, or three prior meniscal surgical procedures (the "chronic" arm). Patients were randomized either to receive the collagen meniscus implant or to serve as a control subject treated with a partial meniscectomy only. Patients underwent frequent clinical follow-up examinations over two years and completed validated outcomes questionnaires over seven years. The patients who had received a collagen meniscus implant were required by protocol to have second-look arthroscopy at one year to determine the amount of new tissue growth and to perform a biopsy to assess tissue quality. Reoperation and survival rates were determined.

Results: In the acute group, seventy-five patients received a collagen meniscus implant and eighty-two were controls. In the chronic group, eighty-five patients received the implant and sixty-nine were controls. The mean duration of follow-up was fifty-nine months (range, sixteen to ninety-two months). The 141 repeat arthroscopies done at one year showed that the collagen meniscus implants had resulted in significantly (p = 0.001) increased meniscal tissue compared with that seen after the original index partial meniscectomy. The implant supported meniscus-like matrix production and integration as it was assimilated and resorbed. In the chronic group, the patients who had received an implant regained significantly more of their lost activity than did the controls (p = 0.02) and they underwent significantly fewer non-protocol reoperations (p = 0.04). No differences were detected between the two treatment groups in the acute arm of the study.

Conclusions: New biomechanically competent meniscus-like tissue forms after placement of a collagen meniscus implant, and use of the implant appears safe. The collagen meniscus implant supports new tissue ingrowth that appears to be adequate to enhance meniscal function as evidenced by improved clinical outcomes in patients with a chronic meniscal injury. The collagen meniscus implant has the utility to be used to replace irreparable or lost meniscal tissue in patients with a chronic meniscal injury. The implant was not found to have any benefit for patients with an acute injury.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


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