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Intermediate-Term Results of the Ludloff Osteotomy in One Hundred and Eleven Feet

¹ Foot and Ankle Center Vienna/Fusszentrum Wien, Alserstraße 43/8d, 1080 Vienna, Austria. E-mail address for H.-J. Trnka: trnka{at}fusszentrum.at. E-mail address for S.G. Hofstaetter: stefanhofstaetter{at}gmx.at
² Department of Orthopaedics, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090-Vienna, Austria. E-mail address: jochen.hofstaetter{at}meduniwien.ac.at
³ Orthopaedic Hospital Gersthof, Wielemansgasse 28, 1180 Vienna, Austria. E-mail address: florian.gruber{at}wienkav.at
⁴ Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Box 3000 (S.B.A. Jr.) and Box 2950 (M.E.E.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710. E-mail address for S.B. Adams Jr: adams121{at}mc.duke.edu. E-mail address for M.E. Easley: easle004{at}mc.duke.edu

Investigation performed at the Orthopaedic Hospital Gersthof, Vienna, Austria, and the Duke University Foot and Ankle Service, Raleigh, North Carolina

Disclosure: The authors did not receive any outside funding or grants in support of their research for or preparation of this work. Neither they nor a member of their immediate families received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors, or a member of their immediate families, are affiliated or associated.

Methods: Ninety-nine patients (111 feet) with a mean age of fifty-six years underwent a modified Ludloff proximal first metatarsal osteotomy and a distal soft-tissue procedure at two institutions for the treatment of a moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformity. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score and weight-bearing radiographs of the foot were assessed preoperatively and after a mean duration of follow-up of thirty-four months. Clinical and radiographic outcome was also compared between younger and older patients, with the arbitrarily chosen age of sixty years dividing the two groups.

Results: The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved significantly (p < 0.0001) from 53 points preoperatively to 88 points at the time of the most recent follow-up. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score for patients who were sixty years of age or less was significantly higher than that for patients who were more than sixty years of age (91 compared with 83 points; p = 0.0057). The mean hallux valgus angle decreased significantly from 35° preoperatively to 9° at the time of the most recent follow-up (p < 0.0001), and the mean intermetatarsal angle decreased significantly from 17° to 8° (p < 0.0001). All osteotomy sites united without dorsiflexion malunion but with a mean first metatarsal shortening of 2.2 mm.

Conclusions: To our knowledge, the present report describes the largest cohort of patients undergoing a modified Ludloff osteotomy for the correction of hallux valgus deformity that has been reported in the literature. Our intermediate-term results demonstrate that the procedure achieves significant correction of moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformity, significant reduction in forefoot pain, and significant improvement in functional outcome. Patients with an age of sixty years or less appear to have a more favorable outcome.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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