The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2008;90:249-255.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.00448
© 2008 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Topography of the Femoral Attachment of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Osmar V. Lopes, Jr., MD1, Mario Ferretti, MD1, Wei Shen, MD, PhD1, Max Ekdahl, MD1, Patrick Smolinski, PhD1 and Freddie H. Fu, MD1

1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1011, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. E-mail address for F.H. Fu: ffu{at}upmc.edu

Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Disclosure: The authors did not receive any outside funding or grants in support of their research for or preparation of this work. Neither they nor a member of their immediate families received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors, or a member of their immediate families, are affiliated or associated.

Background: The success of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has varied. The objective of this study was to determine quantitatively and qualitatively the topography and osseous landmarks of the femoral footprints of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior cruciate ligament in order to enhance repair.

Methods: Twenty unpaired knees from twenty human cadavers were evaluated. The surface features of the femoral footprints of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior cruciate ligament were studied by means of macroscopic observation and three-dimensional laser photography.

Results: We observed, both visually and with three-dimensional laser photography, an osseous prominence located proximal to the femoral footprint of the posterior cruciate ligament in eighteen of the twenty human knees. This osseous landmark, denominated the "medial intercondylar ridge," determined the proximal border of the posterior cruciate ligament footprint. In eight of the twenty knees, we observed a small osseous prominence between the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior cruciate ligament. A clear change in the slope of the femoral footprint of the posterior cruciate ligament was seen between the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles. The average area of the posterior cruciate ligament footprint (and standard deviation) was 209 ± 33.82 mm2, the average area of the anterolateral bundle was 118 ± 23.95 mm2, and the average area of the posteromedial bundle was 90 ± 16.13 mm2.

Conclusions: The femoral footprint of the posterior cruciate ligament has a unique surface anatomy, with a medial intercondylar ridge being frequently present and a medial bifurcate ridge being less frequently present.

Clinical Relevance: These anatomical findings may assist surgeons in performing posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a more anatomical fashion.


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