The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2007;89:1476-1485.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00666
© 2007 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Review of Results According to Etiology

Bryan Wall, MD1, Laurent Nové-Josserand, MD3, Daniel P. O'Connor, PhD2, T. Bradley Edwards, MD2 and Gilles Walch, MD3

1 CORE Institute, 14420 West Meeker Boulevard, Suite 300, Sun City West, AZ 85375
2 Fondren Orthopedic Group, Texas Orthopedic Hospital, 7401 South Main Street, Houston, TX 77030-4509. E-mail address for T.B. Edwards: bemd{at}fondren.com
3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinique Sainte Anne Lumière, 85 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France

Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinique Sainte Anne Lumière, Lyon, France

Disclosure: The authors did not receive any outside funding or grants in support of their research for or preparation of this work. One or more of the authors, or a member of his or her immediate family, received, in any one year, payments or other benefits in excess of $10,000 or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity (Tornier). No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors, or a member of their immediate families, are affiliated or associated.

Background: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty provides a surgical alternative to standard total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of selected complex shoulder problems. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of etiology on the results of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods: Between May 1995 and June 2003, 240 consecutive reverse total shoulder arthroplasties were performed in 232 patients with an average age of 72.7 years. Patients were grouped according to etiology, and the clinical and radiographic outcomes for each group were measured and compared.

Results: One hundred and eighty-six patients with 191 retained reverse total shoulder arthroplasty prostheses were followed for an average of 39.9 months. Overall, the average Constant score improved from 23 points before surgery to 60 points at the time of follow-up and 173 of the 186 patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the result. Although substantial clinical and functional improvement was observed in all etiology groups, patients with primary rotator cuff tear arthropathy, primary osteoarthritis with a rotator cuff tear, and a massive rotator cuff tear had better outcomes, on average, than patients who had posttraumatic arthritis and those managed with revision arthroplasty. Dislocation (fifteen cases) and infection (eight cases) were the most common complications among the 199 shoulders that were followed for two years or were revised prior to the minimum two-year follow-up. Patients who received the reverse prosthesis at the time of a revision arthroplasty had a higher complication rate than did those who received the reverse prosthesis at the time of a primary arthroplasty.

Conclusions: The reverse total shoulder arthroplasty prosthesis can produce good results when used for the treatment of a number of other complex shoulder problems in addition to cuff tear arthropathy. Patients with posttraumatic arthritis and those undergoing revision arthroplasty may have less improvement and higher complication rates in comparison with patients with other etiologies. The advanced age of the patients in the present series and the relatively short duration of follow-up suggest that the prosthesis should continue to be used judiciously.

Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


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