The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2007;89:1238-1247.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00298
© 2007 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Tumor Location Affects the Results of Simple Excision for Multiple Osteochondromas in the Forearm

Jun-ichi Ishikawa, MD1, Hiroyuki Kato, MD2, Fumio Fujioka, MD3, Norimasa Iwasaki, MD1, Naoki Suenaga, MD1 and Akio Minami, MD1

1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. E-mail address for J. Ishikawa: ishijet77{at}yahoo.co.jp
2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagano Prefectural Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino, Nagano 399-8288, Japan

Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

Disclosure: The authors did not receive any outside funding or grants in support of their research for or preparation of this work. Neither they nor a member of their immediate families received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors, or a member of their immediate families, are affiliated or associated.

Background: The effectiveness of excision of osteochondromas in controlling the progression of forearm and wrist deformity remains an issue of controversy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of tumor excision in the correction of forearm and wrist deformity due to multiple osteochondromas in children, with an interpretation of the results based on different patterns of deformity.

Methods: Fourteen forearms in thirteen children with a follow-up of more than twenty-four months (average, fifty-three months) were included in the study. The forearms were divided into two groups on the basis of the location of the tumor and the pattern of deformity. In Group 1 (six forearms), the osteochondroma was only in the distal aspect of the ulna and caused compression of the radius. In Group 2 (eight forearms), tumors were in both the distal aspect of the ulna and the ulnar side of the distal part of the radius and were in contact with each other. Radial length, ulnar shortening, radial bowing, the radial articular angle, and carpal slip were measured as radiographic parameters. Ulnar shortening and radial bowing were expressed as a percentage of the radial length to make it possible to compare data between the individuals. Each parameter was evaluated before surgery and at the time of final follow-up.

Results: In Group 1, the percentage of ulnar shortening and the percentage of radial bowing had improved at the time of final follow-up; however, in Group 2, both the radial articular angle and the percentage of radial bowing had deteriorated significantly after the tumor excision (p = 0.049 and p = 0.017, respectively), even though the percentage of ulnar shortening showed no change.

Conclusions: The effectiveness of simple excision of osteochondromas of the distal aspect of the forearm is influenced by the tumor location and is related to the pattern of the deformity. Simple tumor excision can correct the forearm deformity in patients with an isolated tumor of the distal part of the ulna. Conversely, in patients with tumors involving the distal part of the ulna and the ulnar side of the distal end of the radius, tumor excision alone is a less promising procedure for the correction of the deformity.

Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


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