The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2007;89:934-939.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.01075
© 2007 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Impact of Fatty Infiltration of the Teres Minor Muscle on the Outcome of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Ryan W. Simovitch, MD1, Naeder Helmy, MD2, Matthias A. Zumstein, MD2 and Christian Gerber, MD, FRCSEd2

1 Palm Beach Orthopaedic Institute, 3401 PGA Boulevard, Suite 500, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33401
2 University of Zurich, Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail address for C. Gerber: christian.gerber{at}balgrist.ch

Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland

Disclosure: In support of their research for or preparation of this work, one or more of the authors received, in any one year, outside funding or grants in excess of $10,000 from ResOrtho Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland. Neither they nor a member of their immediate families received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors, or a member of their immediate families, are affiliated or associated.

Background: Reports have demonstrated that reverse shoulder arthroplasty restores overhead elevation but fails to restore active external rotation. The teres minor muscle-tendon unit contributes to active external rotation, and its deficiency may impair the clinical outcome. It was therefore the purpose of this study to evaluate the influence of fatty infiltration of the teres minor muscle on the clinical outcome after reverse total shoulder replacement.

Methods: Forty-two shoulders in forty-two patients (average age, seventy-one years) with painful cuff tear arthropathy or an irreparable rotator cuff deficiency with pseudoparesis were treated with a reverse Delta-III shoulder arthroplasty and followed clinically for a minimum of twenty-four months. Preoperatively, fatty infiltration of the teres minor was assessed, according to the grading system of Goutallier et al., with use of magnetic resonance imaging. The effect of teres minor fatty infiltration on the subjective and objective outcomes of the reverse shoulder arthroplasty was evaluated.

Results: The thirty shoulders with stage-0, 1, or 2 fatty infiltration of the teres minor muscle (group 1) had a significantly better ultimate Constant score, a significantly better subjective shoulder value, and significantly greater preoperative-to-postoperative improvement than the twelve shoulders with stage-3 or 4 fatty infiltration (group 2). In group 1 the relative Constant score increased by an average of 41% and the subjective shoulder value increased by an average of 44%, whereas in group 2 the respective increases were 32% (p = 0.033) and 25% (p = 0.018). Group 1 had an average increase of 6.2 points in the score for extremity positioning, whereas group 2 gained only 5.3 points (p = 0.033). Group 1 had a net gain of 9° of external rotation with the arm at the side compared with an average net loss of 7° in group 2 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Stage-3 or 4 fatty infiltration of the teres minor compromises the clinical outcome of reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


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