The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2007;89:542-549.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.01089
© 2007 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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 Adult Knee Reconstruction Test 14: Spring 2007 (publication date May 15, 20...
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Combined Lateral Closing and Medial Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy

O.N. Nagi, MS(Ortho), MSc(Oxford)1, Senthil Kumar, MS(Ortho), MRCS2 and Sameer Aggarwal, MS(Ortho)3

1 Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi - 110060, India. E-mail address: profnagi{at}yahoo.co.in
2 Mona Vale Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2103, Australia
3 Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160 101, India

Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

Disclosure: The authors did not receive any outside funding or grants in support of their research for or preparation of this work. Neither they nor a member of their immediate families received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors, or a member of their immediate families, are affiliated or associated.

Background: Long-term studies have indicated that the clinical success of high tibial osteotomy deteriorates with time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of a combined lateral closing and medial opening-wedge technique for high tibial osteotomy with a minimum follow-up of fifteen years.

Methods: From January 1981 to June 1990, ninety-two patients (ninety-four knees) had a high tibial valgus osteotomy. The average preoperative varus deformity was 13.5°. The surgical technique consisted of a proximal lateral closing-wedge osteotomy and use of the lateral wedge as a graft on the medial side of the osteotomy. No internal fixation was used. A knee brace was used to maintain the 8° to 10° of valgus overcorrection. Seventy-two knees in seventy patients with at least fifteen years of follow-up were evaluated. Clinical evaluation was done with The Hospital for Special Surgery knee-rating scale. The femorotibial alignment, posterior tibial slope, and the Insall-Salvati ratio were measured on radiographs.

Results: The mean initial postoperative correction (and standard deviation) for all knees was to 8.3° ± 2.7° of valgus alignment. Survivorship analysis showed that the probability of survival (and 95% confidence interval), with conversion to total knee arthroplasty as the end point, was 100% at one year, 92% ± 5.8% at ten years, 80% ±7.7% at fifteen years, and 58% ± 4.3% at twenty years. The survivorship, with a Hospital for Special Surgery knee score of <70 points as the end point, was 80% ± 4.5% at ten years, 72% ± 5.6% at fifteen years, and 42% ± 4.2% at twenty years. Twenty-six knees underwent an arthroplasty at an average of 15.6 years after the index procedure. For the forty-six knees that had not undergone an arthroplasty, the knee score improved from an average of 67 points preoperatively to 82 points at the time of the most recent follow-up. There were two superficial wound infections and one delayed union.

Conclusions: We believe that our technique of a combined lateral closing and medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy can provide good long-term outcomes because of the off-loading of the diseased medial compartment with minimal complications.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


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