The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2006;88:2027-2034.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.00899
© 2006 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Letters to the Editor: Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when Letters to the Editor are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My File Cabinet
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Rights and Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Galatz, L.M.
Right arrow Articles by Thomopoulos, S.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Galatz, L.M.
Right arrow Articles by Thomopoulos, S.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Facebook   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Nicotine Delays Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rat Shoulder Model

L.M. Galatz, MD1, M.J. Silva, PhD1, S.Y. Rothermich, MA1, M.A. Zaegel, BS1, N. Havlioglu, MD1 and S. Thomopoulos, PhD1

1 Department of Orthopaedic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO 63110. E-mail address for L.M. Galatz: galatzl{at}wustl.edu

Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri

In support of their research for or preparation of this manuscript, one or more of the authors received grants or outside funding (Zimmer/OREF Career Development Award). None of the authors received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors are affiliated or associated.

Background: Many studies have shown that nicotine negatively impacts fracture healing and bone fusion processes. However, very little is known about its effect on tendon and ligament healing. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nicotine on tendon-to-bone healing.

Methods: Supraspinatus tendons in both shoulders of seventy-two rats were transected and repaired to the humeral head. Osmotic pumps were implanted subcutaneously, and nicotine or saline solution was delivered for ten, twenty-eight, or fifty-six days. Cell morphology was evaluated with use of histologic sections. Cells were counted, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry was performed to assess cellular proliferation. In situ hybridization was performed to measure type-I collagen mRNA expression. Biomechanical and geometric properties were assessed.

Results: Inflammation persisted longer in the nicotine group than in the saline solution group. Cellular proliferation was higher in the saline solution group than in the nicotine group at the early time-points. Type-I collagen expression was higher in the saline solution group at twenty-eight days. Mechanical properties increased over time in both groups. Maximum stress was significantly lower in the nicotine group than in the saline solution group at ten days. Maximum force was significantly lower in the nicotine group than in the saline solution group at twenty-eight days. Maximum force was significantly higher in the nicotine group than in the saline solution group at fifty-six days. Stiffness was not different between the groups at any time-point.

Conclusions: Nicotine caused a delay in tendon-to-bone healing in a rat rotator cuff animal model. Mechanical properties increased over time in both groups, but the properties in the nicotine group lagged behind those in the saline solution group. Chronic inflammation and decreased cell proliferation may partly explain the inferior biomechanical properties in the nicotine group as compared with the saline solution group.

Clinical Relevance: Failure of rotator cuff repair is a major clinical problem. The adverse effect of nicotine on rotator cuff healing noted in this clinically appropriate animal model may be an important clinical consideration.


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Facebook Facebook   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am J Sports MedHome page
L. V. Gulotta, D. Kovacevic, J. R. Ehteshami, E. Dagher, J. D. Packer, and S. A. Rodeo
Application of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rotator Cuff Repair Model
Am. J. Sports Med., November 1, 2009; 37(11): 2126 - 2133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JBJSHome page
C. D. Peltz, L. M. Dourte, A. F. Kuntz, J. J. Sarver, S.-Y. Kim, G. R. Williams, and L. J. Soslowsky
The Effect of Postoperative Passive Motion on Rotator Cuff Healing in a Rat Model
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., October 1, 2009; 91(10): 2421 - 2429.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JBJSHome page
D. K. Mikolyzk, A. S. Wei, P. Tonino, G. Marra, D. A. Williams, R. D. Himes, F. H. Wezeman, and J. J. Callaci
Effect of Corticosteroids on the Biomechanical Strength of Rat Rotator Cuff Tendon
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., May 1, 2009; 91(5): 1172 - 1180.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
N. C. Mishra, J. Rir-sima-ah, R. J. Langley, S. P. Singh, J. C. Pena-Philippides, T. Koga, S. Razani-Boroujerdi, J. Hutt, M. Campen, K. C. Kim, et al.
Nicotine Primarily Suppresses Lung Th2 but Not Goblet Cell and Muscle Cell Responses to Allergens
J. Immunol., June 1, 2008; 180(11): 7655 - 7663.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
F. A. Matsen III
Rotator-Cuff Failure
N. Engl. J. Med., May 15, 2008; 358(20): 2138 - 2147.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J Sports MedHome page
S. J. Nho, H. Yadav, M. K. Shindle, and J. D. MacGillivray
Rotator Cuff Degeneration: Etiology and Pathogenesis
Am. J. Sports Med., May 1, 2008; 36(5): 987 - 993.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JBJSHome page
M. L. Ramsey, C. L. Getz, and B. O. Parsons
What's New in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., March 1, 2008; 90(3): 677 - 687.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JBJSHome page
L. V. Gulotta, C. Hidaka, S. A. Maher, M. E. Cunningham, and S. A. Rodeo
What's New in Orthopaedic Research
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., September 1, 2007; 89(9): 2092 - 2101.
[Full Text] [PDF]