The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2006;88:1173-1182.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.00604
© 2006 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Survivorship and Retrieval Analysis of Sikomet Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Replacements at a Mean of Seven Years

Ingrid Milosev, PhD1, Rihard Trebse, MD1, Simon Kovac, MD1, Andrej Cör, PhD2 and Venceslav Pisot, MD1

1 Orthopaedic Hospital Valdoltra, Jadranska c. 31, 6280 Ankaran, Slovenia. E-mail address for I. Milosev: ingrid.milosev{at}ijs.si. E-mail address for R. Trebse: rihard.trebse{at}ob-valdoltra.si. E-mail address for S. Kovac: simon.kovac{at}ob-valdoltra.si. E-mail address for V. Pisot: venceslav.pisot{at}ob-valdoltra.si
2 Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. E-mail address: andrej.coer{at}mf.uni-lj.si

Investigation performed at the Orthopaedic Hospital Valdoltra, Ankaran, Slovenia

NOTE: The work was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency through grants No. L3-6023 and P2-0148, and by Unior d.d. Zrece. The authors thank Mr. J. Fiser for roughness measurements and Dr. C. Rieker for CMM measurements.

In support of their research for or preparation of this manuscript, one or more of the authors received grants or outside funding from Plus Orthopedics AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland. The work was also supported by the Slovenian Research Agency through grants No. L3-6023 and P2-0148, and by Unior d.d. Zrece. None of the authors received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors are affiliated or associated.

Background: Second-generation metal-on-metal total hip replacements were introduced in the early 1990s with the aim of eliminating polyethylene wear and the resulting complications of osteolysis and aseptic loosening. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the intermediate-term results in a series of patients who were managed with one of these implants.

Methods: Between 1994 and 2002, we performed 640 total hip replacements in 591 patients with use of a Bicon-Plus cementless threaded cup with a polyethylene liner housing a metal inlay made of Sikomet low-carbon cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy that articulates with a Sikomet metal femoral head. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed retrospectively at a mean of 7.1 years postoperatively. Histologic analysis was performed on specimens retrieved from seventeen hips that were revised, and wear measurements were made for six hips that were revised.

Results: Thirty-four hips (thirty-four patients) were revised because of infection (six hips), aseptic loosening (twenty-three hips), pain without loosening (two hips), or other reasons (three hips). The survival rate of the prosthesis as a whole at ten years, with revision for any reason as the end point, was 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.95). The survival rate of the cup was 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.90 to 0.97), and that of the stem was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.94 to 0.98). Linear or expansile osteolysis, or both, was observed on the radiographs of sixteen (64%) of the twenty-five hips that were revised because of aseptic loosening and/or pain. Histological analysis of pericapsular tissue was performed for seventeen of the twenty-five hips that were revised because of aseptic loosening and/or pain. Thirteen of these seventeen hips demonstrated a hypersensitivity-like reaction with aseptic inflammatory changes accompanied by moderate to extensive diffuse and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes. In the six retrieved specimens that were subjected to wear analysis, the main wear mode was abrasive wear. The mean cumulative linear wear for the bearing was 31.3 µm, and the mean annual wear rate was 6.3 µm/yr. The mean clearance was 87.6 µm.

Conclusions: After a mean duration of follow-up of seven years, aseptic loosening was the major reason for failure of Sikomet metal-on-metal prostheses. The histological findings and the prevalence of osteolysis suggest the possibility of a hypersensitivity-like immunological response to wear particles.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


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Letters to the Editor:

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Patterns of osteolysis with cementless cups
Ian P. Holloway, et al.
JBJS Online, 8 Nov 2006 [Full text]
Dr. Milosev et al. respond to Drs. Holloway and Zicat
Ingrid Milosev, Ph.D., et al.
JBJS Online, 8 Nov 2006 [Full text]