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Body Mass Index as a Predictor of Complications After Operative Treatment of Acetabular Fractures

¹ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Taubman Center 2912G, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0328

Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Methods: A retrospective chart review identified 169 consecutive patients in whom an acetabular fracture had been treated with open reduction and internal fixation at a level-1 trauma center. The patients were stratified into four classes according to their body mass index: normal (<25), overweight (25 but <30), obese (30 but <40), and morbidly 40). The perioperative outcomes that were evaluated included estimated blood loss, wound infection, nerve palsy, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and heterotopic ossification. Multivariate general linear models were used to test for the relationship between body mass index and perioperative outcomes while controlling for potential intervening variables (including surgical approach, fracture type, and surgeon experience). Odds ratios were calculated as well.

Results: When body mass index was measured as a continuous variable, it was found to have a significant relationship with estimated blood loss (p = 0.003), prevalence of wound infection (p = 0.002), and prevalence of deep venous thrombosis (p = 0.03). Odds ratio analysis revealed that obese subjects (body mass index of 30) were 2.1 times more likely than patients of normal weight (body mass index of <25) to have an estimated blood loss of >750 mL and 2.6 times more likely to have a deep venous thrombosis. Morbidly obese patients (body mass index of 40) were five times more likely to have a wound infection.

Conclusions: Body mass index is predictive of complications after operative treatment of acetabular fractures.

Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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