The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2005;87:577-582.
doi:10.2106/JBJS.D.01790
© 2005 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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 Adult Hip Reconstruction Test 13: Spring 2005
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Surface Roughness of Ceramic Femoral Heads After in Vivo Transfer of Metal: Correlation to Polyethylene Wear

Young-Hoo Kim, MD1, Allan Ritchie, PhD2 and Cath Hardaker2

1 The Joint Replacement Center of Korea at Ewha Womans University Dong Dae Mun Hospital, 70, ChongRo 6-Ga, ChongRo-Gu, Seoul, Korea 110-783. E-mail: younghookim{at}ewha.ac.kr
2 DePuy-Johnson and Johnson International, St Anthony's Road, Leeds LS 118 DT, United Kingdom

Investigation performed at The Joint Replacement Center of Korea, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and DePuy-Johnson and Johnson International, Leeds, United Kingdom

The authors did not receive grants or outside funding in support of their research or preparation of this manuscript. One or more of the authors received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors are affiliated or associated.

Presented, in part, as a poster exhibit at the Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society on March 7-10, 2004, in San Francisco, California.

Background: A dark metallic-appearing smear, resembling a lead pencil mark, may be seen on a ceramic femoral head component at revision total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that such a mark on a retrieved ceramic femoral head is associated with increased surface roughness of the head and increased polyethylene liner wear in total hip replacement.

Methods: Fifteen ceramic prosthetic femoral heads retrieved from fifteen patients at revision arthroplasty were examined in this study. Thirteen heads had been in vivo for an average of 10.8 years (range, 7.8 to 14.2 years). The remaining two heads had been in vivo for less than one month. The surface roughness characteristics of the explanted ceramic heads, the linear wear of the polyethylene liner, and the patient activity levels after the primary replacement and before the revision were determined.

Results: Four of the thirteen ceramic heads that had been in vivo for ≥7.8 years had severe smears (>6% of the surface area), and the remaining nine heads had slight smears (<6% of the surface area). The two heads that had been in vivo less than one month had severe smears. The mean Ra and Rpm, the values for surface roughness, were 44.95 nm and 571.15 nm, respectively, in the hips with slightly smeared regions and 180.77 nm and 1245.88 nm, respectively, in the hips with severely smeared regions (p = 0.002). The mean linear liner wear rate was 0.10 mm/yr in the hips with slightly smeared heads and 0.19 mm/yr in the hips with severely smeared heads (p = 0.002). The activity score for all patients was 5 or 6 points on a 6-point scale.

Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that a visual dark metallic-appearing smear on a ceramic femoral head correlates with increased surface roughness of the head and increased polyethylene wear. These findings imply that contact of a ceramic femoral head with a metallic material, such as may occur with femoral head reduction or dislocation of a total hip replacement, is best avoided to prevent this metallic smear phenomenon.


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