The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 86:423-428 (2004)
© 2004 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
Conflict of Interest in Orthopaedic Research
Joseph D. Zuckerman, MD1,
Mark Prasarn, MD1,
Erik N. Kubiak, MD1 and
Kenneth J. Koval, MD1
1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University-Hospital for Joint
Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003. E-mail address for J.D.
Zuckerman:
joseph.zuckerman{at}med.nyu.edu.
Please address requests for reprints to J.D. Zuckerman.
Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New
York University-Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY
The authors did not receive grants or outside funding in support of their
research or preparation of this manuscript. They did not receive payments or
other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a
commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or
direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational
institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the
authors are affiliated or associated.
Background: The expanding role of industrial support in biomedical
research has resulted in both substantial interest and controversy in recent
years. Our hypothesis was that, from 1985 to 2002, the role of industrial
support in orthopaedic research increased, as documented by the research
presented at the annual meetings of the American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons.
Methods: We analyzed the frequency and types of self-reported
conflicts of interest for all presentations at the annual meetings of the
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in 1985, 1988, 1992, 1997, 1999, and
2002. Conflicts of interest were recorded directly from the final program for
each meeting analyzed. The analysis focused on the scientific presentations,
Instructional Course Lectures, symposia, poster exhibits, and scientific
exhibits. Information about specific types of support received by authors was
first required in 1988.
Results: The incidence of conflicts of interest increased from 3% in
1985 to 39% in 2002 for scientific papers (p < 0.001); from 10% to 74%,
respectively, for symposia (p < 0.001); from 22% to 60% for Instructional
Course Lectures (p < 0.001); from 10% to 60% for scientific exhibits (p
< 0.001); and from 9% in 1992 to 14% in 2002 for posters (p < 0.001).
For presentations of all types, the incidence increased from 10% to 32% (p
< 0.001). The types of conflict of interest also changed significantly from
1999 to 2002. In 1999, 73% of conflicts were documented as support directed to
institutions and 27%, as support to individuals; in 2002, 57% were reported as
support directed to institutions and 43%, as support to individuals (p <
0.01).
Conclusions: The role of industrial support of orthopaedic research
increased significantly between 1985 and 2002, as evidenced by the increase in
the self-reported conflicts of interest for all types of presentations at the
annual meetings of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. In addition,
the support directed to individuals, in contrast to that directed to
institutions, increased significantly.
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