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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 85:124-130 (2003)
© 2003 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Orthopaedic Applications

Acceleration of Regenerate Ossification During Distraction Osteogenesis with Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7

Yoshihiko Mizumoto, MD, Timothy Moseley, BS, Michael Drews, BS, Virgil N. CooperIII, MD and A. Hari Reddi, PhD

Corresponding author: A. Hari Reddi, PhD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4635 Second Avenue, Research Facility I, Room 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817. E-mail address: ahreddi{at}ucdavis.edu

The authors did not receive grants or outside funding in support of their research or preparation of this manuscript. They did not receive payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors are affiliated or associated. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 was a generous gift from Dr. T.K. Sampath (Creative BioMolecules, Hopkinton, Massachusetts). External fixators were provided by Dr. John Dumbleton, Dr. Paul Serekian, and colleagues at Howmedica (Rutherford, New Jersey).

Abstract

Background: Bone-lengthening can be accomplished by means of distraction osteogenesis. In the present study, we examined the effect of a single dose of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) on the rate of new-bone formation during distraction osteogenesis in the rat.

Methods: Fourteen Long-Evans rats were randomized into two groups of seven rats each. An external fixator was applied to the left femur, and a transverse osteotomy was performed. One group was treated with rhBMP-7 in an aqueous solvent, and the other group received the solvent alone and served as the control. rhBMP-7 was administered on the day of surgery by means of a single injection into the osteotomy gap. Distraction was started seven days after surgery at a rate of 0.25 mm every twelve hours. Distraction was continued for twenty days, resulting in a total of 10 mm of lengthening. The regenerate was monitored with use of radiographs and bone-mineral-density measurements at the conclusion of distraction and at two and four weeks after the cessation of distraction. The lengthened femora were harvested, and biomechanical studies were carried out to determine the stiffness and maximum torque to failure.

Results: Radiographs showed accelerated regenerate ossification in the BMP-7 group, with a larger amount of new bone compared with the control group. The bone-mineral-density values were dramatically enhanced on Day 20 in the BMP-7 group (103.6 ± 12.6 mg/cm 2 ) compared with the control group (26.2 ± 15.1 mg/cm 2 ). These differences continued to be greater at two and four weeks after the cessation of distraction. Normalized values of stiffness (percent stiffness) reached 76.5% ± 5.4% in the BMP-7 group, compared with 6.6% ± 0.5% in the control group. The percent maximum torque at failure was 81.1% ± 1.2% in the BMP-7 group, compared with 20.8% ± 0.3% in the control group.

Conclusion: A single injection of rhBMP-7 at the time of osteotomy surgery stimulated the rate of regenerate ossification and increased bone-mineral density during distraction osteogenesis. The biomechanical properties of the newly formed bone were also increased by BMP-7 injection.

Clinical Relevance: The present study demonstrates the benefits of rhBMP-7 on the acceleration of regenerate ossification and indicates its potential utility in clinical situations to reduce the treatment period with an external fixator during distraction osteogenesis.


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