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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 85:808-814 (2003)
© 2003 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Scientific Article

Treatment of the Dysplastic Acetabulum with Wagner Spherical Osteotomy

A Study of Patients Followed for a Minimum of Twenty Years

Michael Schramm, MD, Dietrich Hohmann, MD, Martin Radespiel-Troger, MD and Rocco Paolo Pitto, MD, PhD

Investigation performed at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany

Michael Schramm, MD
Dietrich Hohmann, MD
Martin Radespiel-Troger, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (M.S. and D.H.) and Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology (M.R.-T.), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Waldkrankenhaus D-91054, Erlangen, Germany.

Rocco Paolo Pitto, MD, PhD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Auckland Clinical School, University of Auckland, Middlemore Hospital, Private Bag 93311, Otahuhu, Auckland 6, New Zealand. E-mail address: rpitto{at}middlemore.co.nz

The authors did not receive grants or outside funding in support of their research or preparation of this manuscript. They did not receive payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors are affiliated or associated.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiographic results of spherical acetabular osteotomy, performed with the surgical technique described by Wagner, in patients with hip dysplasia.

Methods: The results of the first twenty-two spherical osteotomies performed by one surgeon at one institution were reviewed at a minimum of twenty years (median, 23.9 years; maximum, 29.3 years) postoperatively. Preoperative and follow-up radiographic measurements included the lateral and anterior center-edge angles, acetabular index angle, and acetabulum-head index of Heyman and Herndon. Anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis were evaluated for the presence of joint congruency, joint-space narrowing, increased sclerosis of the subchondral bone, and bone cysts. Clinical evaluation was performed with use of the Harris hip score.

Results: Osteotomy improved the mean lateral center-edge angle from -2° to +13° and the mean acetabulum-head index from 52% to 72%. The mean postoperative anterior center-edge angle was 23° (range, -1° to 62°). Seven (32%) of the twenty-two hips were converted to a total hip replacement. At the latest follow-up examination, the average Harris hip score of the remaining fifteen patients was 86 points (range, 50 to 100 points). The clinical result was rated good or excellent for eleven of the fifteen patients. At the latest follow-up examination, the severity grade of the osteoarthritis was unchanged in thirteen hips. Only three of the nine hips that subsequently required a total hip replacement or that showed progressive osteoarthritis had been congruent after the index operation, whereas ten of the thirteen hips that did not require total hip replacement or show progressive osteoarthritis had been congruent after the index operation. The twenty-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimate, with conversion to total hip replacement as the end point, was 86.4% (95% confidence interval, 63.4% to 95.4%). The twenty-five-year survival estimate was 65.1% (95% confidence interval, 35.6% to 83.7%).

Conclusions: The Wagner spherical osteotomy prevented progression of osteoarthritis both clinically and radiographically in a high proportion of patients with residual hip dysplasia who were followed for a minimum of twenty years. Operative restoration of joint congruency is associated with a satisfactory long-term outcome in a very high proportion of cases.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


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