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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 85:2378-2384 (2003)
© 2003 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Accuracy of Measurement of Polyethylene Wear with Use of Radiographs of Total Hip Replacements

Edward Ebramzadeh, PhD1, Sophia N. Sangiorgio, MS1, Federico Lattuada, MS2, Joon-Soon Kang, MD3, Roberto Chiesa, PhD2, Harry A. McKellop, PhD1 and Lawrence D. Dorr, MD4

1 Biomechanics Laboratory, Los Angeles Orthopaedic Hospital, 2400 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, CA 90007. E-mail address for E. Ebramzadeh: ebramzad{at}usc.edu
2 Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy. E-mail address for F. Lattuada: fede{at}lombardiacom.it. E-mail address for R. Chiesa: roberto.chiesa{at}polimi.it
3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, 7-206 Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, Korea 400-103. E-mail address: kangjoon{at}inha.ac.kr
4 Dorr Arthritis Institute of Centinela Hospital, 501 East Hardy Street, Suite 300, Inglewood, CA 90301

Investigation performed at the Biomechanics Laboratory of the J. Vernon Luck, Sr., MD, Orthopaedic Research Center, Los Angeles Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles, and the Dorr Arthritis Institute of Centinela Hospital, Inglewood, California

In support of their research or preparation of this manuscript, one or more of the authors received grants or outside funding from Centerpulse Orthopedics, Austin, Texas. None of the authors received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors are affiliated or associated.

Background: Although a number of methods are used to estimate polyethylene liner wear from radiographs of total hip replacements, there is no consensus with regard to the accuracy of these methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of several such measurement methods with use of both laboratory radiographs and routine clinical radiographs.

Methods: A phantom apparatus was designed to simulate random values of three-dimensional wear, with varying degrees of cup abduction and anteversion, and to obtain anteroposterior and cross-table lateral radiographs with each value. Wear was measured with use of the Charnley duoradiographic method, the Livermore method, and the method described by Dorr and Wan, as well as with use of PolyWare and Hip32 software packages, both with and without three-dimensional measurements. Clinical wear was measured from conventional radiographs made prior to revision surgery in fourteen patients and was compared with wear measured directly from the retrieved liners with use of a coordinate measuring machine.

Results: With laboratory radiographs, median errors were 0.1 mm with the Livermore method and both computerized methods, 0.23 mm with the Charnley method, and 1.7 mm with the method of Dorr and Wan. Maximum errors were between 0.6 mm (Livermore) and 4.3 mm (Dorr and Wan). In contrast, with use of clinical radiographs, median errors ranged between 0.2 mm (Hip32) and 0.6 mm (Dorr and Wan). Maximum errors ranged between 1.8 mm (Dorr and Wan) and 2.5 mm (Livermore).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: With laboratory radiographs, computerized methods of polyethylene wear measurement offered distinctly greater accuracy than did manual methods; however, with clinical radiographs, they offered only slightly better accuracy. Although the increased accuracy of computerized methods may be necessary in research settings, manual methods provided sufficient accuracy for routine clinical assessment of wear.


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