The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 84:208-215 (2002)
© 2002 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Outcomes Instruments
Normative Values from the General Population
Frank G. Hunsaker, PhD,
Dominic A. Cioffi, MA,
Peter C. Amadio, MD,
James G. Wright, MD and
Beth Caughlin, MS
Investigation performed at the National Research Corporation,
Lincoln, Nebraska
Frank G. Hunsaker, PhD
National Research Corporation, 1245 Q Street, Suite 400, Lincoln,
NE 68508. E-mail address: fhunsaker{at}nationalresearch.com
Dominic A. Cioffi, MA
Cooper Research, 8150 Corporate Park Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45242
Peter C. Amadio, MD
Departments of Health Science Research and Orthopedic Surgery,
Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905
James G. Wright, MD
Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, 555
University Avenue, Room S-107, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
Beth Caughlin, MS
Experian, 901 West Bond Street, Lincoln, NE 68521-3694
In support of their research or preparation of this manuscript, one
of the authors received a grant or outside funding from the Canadian
Institutes of Health Research. None of the authors received payments
or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits
from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed,
or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation,
educational institution, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with
which the authors are affiliated or associated.
Background: The collection of population-based
normative data is a necessary step in the process of standardization
of eleven American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) musculoskeletal outcomes
measures. These data serve as comparative normative scores with
which to assess the effectiveness of treatment regimens in clinical
practice settings and to study the clinical outcomes of treatment
in musculoskeletal research.
Methods: With use of a panel mail methodology, self-reported
data on the eleven AAOS musculoskeletal outcomes measures were collected
from the general population of the United States.
Results: The overall response rate of 67.4% for
the various surveys met study expectations. For the eleven measures,
the range of the confidence intervals for the surveys was ±1.6% to ±2.3%,
exceeding the ±3% set a priori. With use
of the Multitrait/Multi-Item Analysis Program, all of the scales
within each of eleven measures exhibited high internal reliability
as well as discriminant and convergent validity. Items within each
of the scales contributed roughly equal proportions of information
to the total scale scores.
Conclusions: All eleven instruments met study expectations
for providing reliable and valid normative data for use in clinical
and research settings.
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