The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 79:1699-1709 (1997)
© 1997 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
Aspiration to Obtain Osteoblast Progenitor Cells from Human Bone Marrow: The Influence of Aspiration Volume*
GEORGE F. MUSCHLER, M.D. ,
CYNTHIA BOEHM, B.S. and
KIRK EASLEY, M.S., CLEVELAND, OHIO
Investigation performed at The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland
Bone marrow contains osteoblast progenitor cells that can be obtained with aspiration and appear to arise from a population of pluripotential connective-tissue stem cells. When cultured in vitro under conditions that promote an osteoblastic phenotype, osteoblast progenitor cells proliferate to form colonies of cells that express alkaline phosphatase and, subsequently, a mature osteoblastic phenotype.
We evaluated the number of nucleated cells in bone-marrow samples obtained with aspiration from the anterior iliac crest of thirty-two patients without systemic disease. There were nineteen male patients and thirteen female patients; the mean age was forty-one years (range, fourteen to seventy-seven years). The prevalence and concentration of the osteoblast progenitor cells also were determined, by placing the bone-marrow-derived cells into tissue-culture medium and counting the number of alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming units. In order to assess the effect of aspiration volume, two sequential experiments were performed. In the first experiment, aspiration volumes of one and two milliliters were compared. In the second experiment, aspiration volumes of two and four milliliters were compared.
The mean prevalence of alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming units in the bone-marrow samples was thirty-six per one million nucleated cells (95 per cent confidence interval, 28 to 47); a mean of 2400 alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming units was obtained from a two-milliliter aspirate. There was a significant difference among the patients with respect to the number of alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming units in these bone-marrow samples (p < 0.001). Seventy per cent of this variation in the prevalence was due to variation among patients, and 20 per cent was due to variation among aspirates.
The number of alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming units in the aspirate increased as the aspiration volume increased. However, contamination by peripheral blood also increased as the aspiration volume increased. An increase in the aspiration volume from one to four milliliters caused a decrease of approximately 50 per cent in the final concentration of alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming units in an average sample.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of these data, we recommend that, when bone marrow is obtained with aspiration for use as a bone graft, the volume of aspiration from any one site should not be greater than two milliliters. A larger volume decreases the concentration of osteoblast progenitor cells because of dilution of the bone-marrow sample with peripheral blood. We estimate that four one-milliliter aspirates will provide almost twice the number of alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming units as will one four-milliliter aspirate. In addition, these data confirm that humans differ significantly from one another with respect to the cellularity of bone marrow and the prevalence of osteoblast progenitor cells. Additional studies are necessary to determine if the number or prevalence of alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming units in bone marrow is a determining factor in the efficacy of an autogenous bone or bone-marrow graft and to ascertain how the number and function of alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming units may change as a function of factors such as age, menopausal status, and selected diseases.
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
R. D. Rao, K. Gourab, V. B. Bagaria, V. B. Shidham, U. Metkar, and B. C. Cooley
The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Marrow on Murine Posterolateral Lumbar Spine Arthrodesis with Bone Morphogenetic Protein
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
May 1, 2009;
91(5):
1199 - 1206.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. Novicoff, A. Manaswi, M. V. Hogan, S. M. Brubaker, W. M. Mihalko, and K. J. Saleh
Critical Analysis of the Evidence for Current Technologies in Bone-Healing and Repair
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
February 1, 2008;
90(Supplement_1):
85 - 91.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. E. Patterson, K. Kumagai, L. Griffith, and G. F. Muschler
Cellular Strategies for Enhancement of Fracture Repair
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
February 1, 2008;
90(Supplement_1):
111 - 119.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Scharstuhl, B. Schewe, K. Benz, C. Gaissmaier, H.-J. Buhring, and R. Stoop
Chondrogenic Potential of Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Independent of Age or Osteoarthritis Etiology
Stem Cells,
December 1, 2007;
25(12):
3244 - 3251.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. De Long Jr., T. A. Einhorn, K. Koval, M. McKee, W. Smith, R. Sanders, and T. Watson
Bone Grafts and Bone Graft Substitutes in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery. A Critical Analysis
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
March 1, 2007;
89(3):
649 - 658.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ph. Hernigou, G. Mathieu, A. Poignard, O. Manicom, F. Beaujean, and H. Rouard
Percutaneous Autologous Bone-Marrow Grafting for Nonunions. Surgical Technique
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
September 1, 2006;
88(1_suppl_2):
322 - 327.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. McLain, J. E. Fleming, C. A. Boehm, and G. F. Muschler
Aspiration of Osteoprogenitor Cells for Augmenting Spinal Fusion: Comparison of Progenitor Cell Concentrations from the Vertebral Body and Iliac Crest
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
December 1, 2005;
87(12):
2655 - 2661.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Braccini, D. Wendt, C. Jaquiery, M. Jakob, M. Heberer, L. Kenins, A. Wodnar-Filipowicz, R. Quarto, and I. Martin
Three-Dimensional Perfusion Culture of Human Bone Marrow Cells and Generation of Osteoinductive Grafts
Stem Cells,
September 1, 2005;
23(8):
1066 - 1072.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Sarugaser, D. Lickorish, D. Baksh, M. M. Hosseini, and J. E. Davies
Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular (HUCPV) Cells: A Source of Mesenchymal Progenitors
Stem Cells,
February 1, 2005;
23(2):
220 - 229.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. F. Muschler, C. Nakamoto, and L. G. Griffith
Engineering Principles of Clinical Cell-Based Tissue Engineering
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
July 1, 2004;
86(7):
1541 - 1558.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Tuli, S. Tuli, S. Nandi, M. L. Wang, P. G. Alexander, H. Haleem-Smith, W. J. Hozack, P. A. Manner, K. G. Danielson, and R. S. Tuan
Characterization of Multipotential Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Derived from Human Trabecular Bone
Stem Cells,
November 1, 2003;
21(6):
681 - 693.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Vermes, J. J. Jacobs, J. Zhang, G. Firneisz, K. A. Roebuck, and T. T. Glant
Shedding of the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Receptor (gp80) Determines the Ability of IL-6 to Induce gp130 Phosphorylation in Human Osteoblasts
J. Biol. Chem.,
May 3, 2002;
277(19):
16879 - 16887.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. G. Finkemeier
Bone-Grafting and Bone-Graft Substitutes
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
March 1, 2002;
84(3):
454 - 464.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Viggeswarapu, S. D. Boden, Y. Liu, G. A. Hair, J. Louis-Ugbo, H. Murakami, H. S. Kim, M. T. Mayr, W. C. Hutton, and L. Titus
Adenoviral Delivery of LIM Mineralization Protein-1 Induces New-Bone Formation in Vitro and in Vivo
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
March 1, 2001;
83(3):
364 - 364.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
