The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 77, Issue 4 538-542, Copyright © 1995 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
Divergent single-column fractures of the distal part of the humerus
JE Kuhn, DS Louis and RT Loder
Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0328, USA.
We report an unusual intra-articular fracture of the distal part of the
humerus that was seen in five patients, including one who had the fracture
bilaterally. The fractures were characterized by three features. First, the
fractures were initiated in the trochlear groove as a result of a direct
impact on the olecranon, which divided the trochlea and then split the two
columns of the humerus divergently. Second, the fractures occurred
exclusively in adolescents and young adults (average age, fifteen years
old; range, thirteen to twenty years old). Third, all of the fractures were
seen in patients who had a large fossa or septal aperture between the
coronoid and olecranon fossae. Four of the fractures involved the right
side and two, the left. There were three fractures of the lateral column
and three of the medial column. Because the periosteum, the capsule, and
the ligaments remained intact despite intra-articular displacement of the
distal part of the humerus, these fractures were also characterized by
inherent proximal stability. The fractures were treated with closed
reduction and percutaneous internal fixation to reduce the displacement
between the two halves of the trochlea. All of the fractures united. Four
patients (five elbows) regained full motion by eight months; one patient
was lost to follow-up. Current classification systems that describe
single-column fractures of the distal part of the humerus should be
modified to include this unusual fracture pattern.