The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 76, Issue 9 1376-1384, Copyright © 1994 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
Sympathetic maintained pain (causalgia) associated with a demonstrable peripheral-nerve lesion. Operative treatment
JB Jupiter, JG Seiler and R Zienowicz
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
Nine patients who had sympathetic maintained pain (causalgia) and a total
of ten identifiable lesions involving peripheral nerves were managed with a
continuous sympathetic block; repair, reconstruction, or lysis of the
involved nerve, or a combination of these procedures; and rotation of a
muscle flap over the nerve in an attempt to enhance the blood supply in the
area and to reduce scarring in the region surrounding the nerve. The
lesions were located in the median nerve at the wrist in five of the
patients; in both the ulnar nerve at the elbow and the median nerve at the
wrist in one; and in the ulnar nerve at the elbow, the radial digital nerve
of the index finger, and the posterior tibial nerve near the ankle in one
patient each. The average duration of symptoms before treatment was
seventeen weeks. All nine patients had clinical findings that were
considered diagnostic of sympathetic maintained pain or causalgia.
Electrophysiological evidence of dysfunction of one peripheral nerve or
more was found in the eight patients who had an electromyogram and a
nerve-conduction study. In all nine patients, the causalgic pain diminished
within the first seventy-two hours after the operation, and none of the
patients had had any recurrence of symptoms at an average of forty-eight
months. Although all of the patients had some residual limitation of
function, all had improvement after this treatment, and the improvement was
maintained.