The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 76, Issue 7 1009-1014, Copyright © 1994 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
Flexor carpi radialis tendinitis. Part I: Operative anatomy
AT Bishop, G Gabel and SW Carmichael
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
The anatomical characteristics of the flexor carpi radialis tendon, the
tendon sheath, the tunnel boundaries, and the adjacent structures were
examined in twenty-five adult cadaveric specimens. Transverse and sagittal
sections of the wrist and forearm, tenograms, and histological sections of
the tendon were made from two additional specimens each. The
musculotendinous portion of the flexor carpi radialis tendon begins an
average of fifteen centimeters (range, twelve to seventeen centimeters)
proximal to the radiocarpal joint; the muscular fibers end an average of
eight centimeters (range, six to nine centimeters) proximal to the wrist.
The synovial sheath extends from the origin to the insertion. The tendon
enters a fibro-osseous tunnel at the proximal border of the trapezium and
is separated from the carpal canal by a thick septum that functions, at its
distal border, as a pivot point for the flexor pollicis longus. Within the
tunnel, the tendon occupies 90 per cent of the available space and is in
direct contact with the slightly roughened surface of the trapezium. The
tendon lies within a few millimeters of the distal aspect of the radius,
the scaphoid tubercle, the scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid joint, and the
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. In most patients, the flexor carpi
radialis tendon is inserted at three locations. A small slip is connected
to the trapezial crest or tuberosity; 80 per cent of the remaining tendon
is inserted on the base of the second metacarpal and 20 per cent, on the
base of the third metacarpal. The deep palmar arch is located two to three
millimeters distal to the insertion of the tendon.