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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 75, Issue 6 825-834, Copyright © 1993 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
The differences in toxicity and release of bone-resorbing mediators induced by titanium and cobalt-chromium-alloy wear particles
DR Haynes, SD Rogers, S Hay, MJ Pearcy and DW Howie
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia.
We investigated the relationship between the toxic effects of metal wear
particles and their ability to stimulate the release of inflammatory
mediators implicated in bone resorption. In vitro studies were carried out
with use of rat peritoneal macrophages, which were exposed to either
cobalt-chromium-alloy or titanium-aluminum-vanadium particles, milled from
the metal components of hip prostheses. The particles were in the
size-range of, and at concentrations similar to, those found in the tissues
surrounding failed prostheses in humans. The titanium-aluminum-vanadium
particles showed little toxicity even at high concentrations, while the
cobalt-chromium particles were very toxic. The titanium-aluminum-vanadium
particles induced significantly more release of prostaglandin E2 than did
the cobalt-chromium particles, and this was true for a wide range of
concentrations. Exposure to titanium-aluminum-vanadium increased the
release of prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and
interleukin-6. In contrast, exposure to cobalt-chromium particles was
associated with a decreased release of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6,
and it had little effect on the release of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis
factor.
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