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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 73, Issue 3 373-383, Copyright © 1991 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
Healing of the transected anterior cruciate ligament in the rabbit
FL Hefti, A Kress, J Fasel and EW Morscher
Orthopaedic Department, University of Basel, Switzerland.
Healing of the anterior cruciate ligament was studied in 170 male rabbits.
One group included immature animals that had open epiphyses, and a second
group consisted of only mature animals. In one knee of each animal, the
anterior cruciate ligament was transected either completely or partially,
and in the contralateral knee a sham operation was carried out. Mechanical
testing and histological studies of the ligaments were done immediately
postoperatively and at two weeks, six weeks, three months, and one year. As
we expected, there was no regeneration after complete transection of the
anterior cruciate ligament, and all of the animals in which this procedure
was done had severe osteoarthrosis of the joint at three months.
Postoperatively, the partially sectioned ligaments exhibited one-third of
the strength of the ligaments on the side on which the sham operation had
been done in the immature animals and one-fourth of the strength of the
ligaments on the side on which the sham operation had been done in the
mature animals. Subsequently, there was secondary complete rupture of 20
per cent of the partially sectioned ligaments. The remaining 80 per cent of
the partially sectioned ligaments were clearly weaker two weeks after the
operation than immediately postoperatively, but this was also true on the
side on which the sham operation had been done. At six weeks, the initial
postoperative strength of the partially sectioned ligaments had been
regained. At one year, the ligaments of the immature animals were
two-thirds as strong as those on the contralateral side, and those of the
mature animals were three-fourths as strong as those on the contralateral
side. The ligaments were markedly elongated, especially in the mature
animals. At three months, stiffness of the ligaments returned to normal.
Histologically, the defect was filled with tissue that was still somewhat
different from normal ligamentous tissue.
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