The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 72, Issue 6 884-888, Copyright © 1990 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
Vascularity of the posterior tibial tendon
C Frey, M Shereff and N Greenidge
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Operative exploration of ruptures of the posterior tibial tendon has
revealed a relatively constant site of damage just posterior and distal to
the medial malleolus. It has been hypothesized that the stress that is
applied to the tendon as it passes under the medial malleolus may
compromise the vascularity of the tendon in this area, a process that is
similar to that described for the supraspinatus tendon. In order to
evaluate this possibility, we studied the vascularity of the posterior
tibial tendon. We injected twenty-eight cadaveric limbs with an India
ink-gelatin mixture and cleared them using a modified Spalteholz technique.
The gross external and internal vascularity were drawn, and the specimens
were photographed. The vascularity of the tendons was noted to be abundant
at the osseous insertion and the musculotendinous function of the tendon.
There was a zone of hypovascularity posterior and distal to the medial
malleolus in all specimens. The results of this study suggest that relative
avascularity and resulting degenerative changes may be predisposing factors
in rupture of the posterior tibial tendon, and that they have important
implications in terms of the operative management of the rupture.