The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 69, Issue 9 1423-1434, Copyright © 1987 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
Non-union of fractures of the atlas
LS Segal, JO Grimm and ES Stauffer
Division of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62708.
Eighteen patients who had a fracture of the atlas were evaluated clinically
and by computed axial tomography an average of forty-six months (range, two
to 164 months) after injury. The purpose of the evaluation was to determine
the effect of the pattern of the fracture, the quality of osseous healing,
and the method of primary immobilization on the long-term outcome. Three
(17 per cent) of the patients had a non-union, and two of them had a poor
clinical result. These two patients had had a unilateral comminuted
fracture--that is, one fracture that was anterior and one that was
posterior to the lateral mass, with an associated osteoperiosteal avulsion
of the transverse ligament on the same side of the ring of the atlas. Six
(33 per cent) of the eighteen patients had an osteoperiosteal avulsion of
the transverse ligament. The avulsions usually progressed to osseous union.
Rupture of the mid-substance of the transverse ligament was uncommon. No
patient had a neurological deficit or late neurological sequelae that were
directly attributable to the fracture of the atlas.